Ultra high frequency oscillator



May 19, 1942. I. E. MOUROMTSEFF ETAL ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR Filed Oct. 9, 1940 2 Sheets-356st 1 Wm. M MW M B0; M I/V/Y/G'lf WWW ATTORNEY I. E. MOUROMTSEFF ETAL 2,283,895

May 19, I942 ULTRA-HIGH FREQUENCY 05 C ILLA'I'O R Filed Oct. 9, 1940 2 Sheets-Shes 2 m w. W M W 0 ma. m W Ma the plate-to-grid capacitance in ultra-high fre- I4 and II, are enclosed by a metal tube l3 and and drawings inwhich: l2. Both the end 23 and the end 24 are perhollow pipe'with closed ends fl and" acti ada ted to provide a form of electron emission M. l i 12,283,895

UNITED STATES PATENT oral CE ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR Ilia E. Mouromtsefl, Montclair, and George M.

Dinnick, Bloomfield, N. 1., assignors to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 9, 1940, Serial No. 360,367

13 Claims. (Cl. cat-21.5)

Our invention relates to dischargedevices and tached an inlet pipe ll for' th cooling fluid. especially to ultra-high frequency oscillators. The dividing plate l5 has'openings It at either An object of the invention is to eliminate the end for the cooling fluid, such as water, to flow natural and uncontrollable feed-back through around and out the pipe I, These two pipes,

quency oscillators and to replace it with an exthis tube is flanged out at 20 so as to be sealed temal feed back which can be controlled. to a reentrant tube of insulation, such as boro- Another object of the invention is to eliecsilicate glass.

tively screen the high voltage on the anode from Attached to this insulation isa hollow. metal the cathode and control grid. container 22 to form a hollow body or cavity Another object of the invention is to have the resonator. This hollow body resonator is subanode in an oscillator as part ofa hollow body stantially symmetrical about the anode and has or cavity resonator. an end 23 parallel and slightly spaced from the Other objects and advantages of the invention anode face II, and another end 24 parallel to will be apparent from the following description and slightly spaced from the other anode face Fig. 1 is a view principally in cross section of forated at 25 and 26 for the passage of electrons a discharge device embodying our invention. to the anode faces. The perforated ends 23 and .Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are cross-sectional views on 24 are thin and flexible so that their spacing the respective lines IIII, III-III and IV-IV from the anode faces may be easily adjusted.

of Fig. 1. Such an adjustment maybe by a plate 21 Fig. 5 is a view mainly in cross section of a welded to the outer portion of the end 23 and modification of Fig. 1. having therethrough adjusting bolts 28 secured Fig. 6 is a view on lines VI-VI of Fig. 5. to another plate 29, in turn secured to the main In ultra-high frequency oscillators the probportion of the hollow body resonator 22. A simlem of the tube design is closely interconnected ilar adjusting arrangement 21', 28 and 29' is g with the circuit design. One of the most serious located at the other end of the tube to adjust impediments in such oscillators is the natural the end 23 in relationship to the anode face l2. feed-back through the plate-to-grid capacitance Spaced in front of the perforated end 23 of which produces the result that the grid excitato the hollow body resonator is a control grid 30, tion cannot be directly controlled to the best and spaced still further is a cathode 3|. This advantage for operation either in the amplitude cathode is illustrated in itspreferred form in or in the phase of the grid. Fig. 3 and comprises a thin plate of metal bent It is one of the objects of our invention to to form a fiat face 32. This fiat face 32 has eliminate this uncontrollable feed-back from the longitudinal slots 33 extending across the face of plate or anode to the control grid through the the cathode. The ends 34 and 35 of this face tube and to replace it by an external feed back are bent downward to contact the cathode leads which can be controlled in phase .and amplitude. 36 and 31 extending through a cup-shaped in- We also desire to utilize extremely high voltsulation 38, preferably of borosilicate glass, enages on the anode, even up to 15,000 .volts; and i closing the cathode and grid arrangement. The it is an additional object of our invention to slots reduce the cross-sectional area of the front effectively screen this high voltage from the face of the cathode and increased resistance other parts of the device. causes the slotted portion of the cathode to rise In Fig. 1 is disclosed a preferred embodiment to the desired temperature to produce electrons of our invention in which we have designed a '35 fromthe front face of the cathode. Other types twin tube with a cathode and control grid strucof cathodes may be used if desired, such as ture at each end of the device. For this twin coated,'indirectly heated, resistance wires, etc. tube structure we construct our anode H) as a The illustrated cathode, however, is especially as the active anode surfaces. The anode has a 5;) to be acted on by the other elements of the side opening l3 to which is attached van in gral device. The cup-shaped insulation maybe sealed I or welded pipe It for the entrance of a cooling to a tubular member 39 welded to the adjustfluid to the interior of the anode- The anode ing plate 21. The grid plate 30 is preferably is preferably longitudinally divided by a plate connected by a plurality of rods 40 symmetrically l5 having central opening ii to which is at arranged about the cathode structure and passing through the insulation cup ll to a ring ll welded to eaclrof the rods in I At the other end of the tube is a similar arrangement of grid plate 30', cathode ii, and grid rod connections 40' to a connecting ring ll. We prefer to provide an adjustable external feedback from the hollow body resonator to the control grid of the device. Preferably at the central portionof the hollow body resonator we secure a pipe 50, and attached to the inner surface of the hollow body resonator at an edge of this pipe, a conductor forming a loop 52 to enclose electromagnetic lines of force therein and having its other end passing axially through the pipe, and a closed insulation plug 53 to form an exterior loop 54 that is secured to the edge of the short pipe 50 at 55.

A similar loop 56 is placed adjacent this loop 54 and made adjustable in regard to the spacing therewith. This loop 56 is connected by a concentric transmission line formed of a pipe 51 connected to one end of the loop 56 and an axial conductor 58 extending through the center of the pipe. The axial conductor and the pipe are connected to another loop 58 adjacent a loop 60 formed by a conductor connected to one end of a cathode lead 36 and at the other end to the ring 4| secured to the grid conductor rods 40. The loops 59 and 60 are adjustable in spacing. The length of the transmission line formed by the pipe 51 and conductor 58 may be made flexible and adjustable. The pipe can be of mesh and the conductor have one or more sections slideable on other section. A similar external feed-back may be applied to the grid and cathode structure 30' and 3| if desired.

As previously mentioned, we apply a very high voltage to the anode structure which may be anywhere up to 15,000 volts or more. The hollow body resonator effectively screens this high voltage from the cathode and control grid structure and permits the use of tens of thousands of volts on the anode. The electron stream produced by the heating of the cathode is controlled by the grids 30 and 30'. These grids preferably permit the electrons to arrive in bunches at the openings 25 and 26 of the hollow body resonator. The electron bunches traversing the space between the openings and the anodes will cause the hollow body to oscillate. The adjustment of the flexible perforated walls changes the frequency of the resonator and must be such as to have the electron bunches arrive at the anode at the proper part of an oscillation cycle to give an optimum operation. The phase andamplitude of grid feed back is regulated by the length and spacing between the extended loops.

In Fig. 5 we have disclosed a device similar to that of Fig; 1 except that we have made a further refinement in the cathode and grid structure. In place of the insulating cups 38 and 38' enclosing cathode and control grid structure, we provide reentrant insulating portions I0 and This insulating structure is sealed to a metal tube H welded to a conductive shell in the form of a tubular metal casing 12. The inner end of this tubular metal casing has a perforated control grid structure 13 spaced and parallel to the perforated openings 25 in the adjacent end 23 of the hollow body resonator. The other outer end of the tubular casing 12 is closed by a flexible metal sheet 14 whose position can be adjusted by any suitable means as by the screw disclosed.

The cathode 15 is preferably similar to that of the-cathode 3| in Fig. 1. The rods I6 and 11,

however, extend towards the outer end of the tube 72 and have located on their ends two metal pieces "and II spaced from the end flexible plate II a distance approximating the distance of the cathode II from the control grid 13. Spacing of this flexible end plate 14 from these two pieces of metal "and I! is adjusted to produce capacity therebetween equivalent to the capacity between the control grid II and the cathode 15.

The cathode connections II and 8| are taken off through insulation 82 in a side tube 83. The hollow tube I! has a loop ll preferably located at a central portion and this loop has one end passing axially through insulation 85 in a short pipe 80, and both of these are connected to form another loop 81. The cathode and control grid on the opposite side are preferably similarly constructed, as illustrated with prime numbers, attached to the corresponding structure Just described in reference to the left-hand cathode and control grid structure.

The transmission concentric pipe line formed by the pipe 51 and axial conductor 58 may be fed back to either the loop 81 of the left-hand cathode and grid structure, or the loop 81' of the right-hand cathode and grid structure, or to both. If both are connected a second transmission line 51', 58' may be coupled to the loop 55 or be coupled to a duplicate of internal loop 52 and external loop 55 of the hollow body res-- onator.

In Fig. 5 we have disclosed a further refinement of our ultra-high frequency oscillator in which the control grid and cathode are made parts of a hollow body or cavity oscillator.

While other metals can be used we prefer to make the hollow resonator parts of copper, the

. metal portions sealed to glass of nickel-cobaltiron alloy sold under the trade name Kovar" and the adjustable plates 21, etc., of a nickelcopper alloy sold under the trade name of Monel."

We claim:

1. An electric discharge device comprising anode means including a hollow-body resonator, a cathode, and another hollow-body resonator enclosing said cathode and constituting an electrode for controlling the discharge between said anode and cathode.

2. An electric discharge device comprising anode means including a hollow-body resonator, a cathode, and another hollow-body resonator tuned to the same frequency as said first named resonator enclosing said cathode and constituting an electrode for controlling the discharge between said anode and cathode.

3. An electric discharge device comprising anode means including a hollow-body resnoator, a cathode, and another hollow-body resonator enclosing said cathode and constituting an electrode for controlling the discharge between said anode and cathode, and coupling means between said resonators. H

4. An electric discharge device comprising anode means including a hollow-body resonator, a cathode, and another hollow-body resonator enclosing said cathode and constituting an electrode forcontrolling the discharge between said anode and cathode, and means for deriving radiant energy from said other resonator.

5. A discharge device comprising an elongated anode, a hollow body resonator enclosing said anode and havingopenings adjacent the ends of said anode and a cathode and control grid adjacent each of said, openings on the exterior of said hollow body resonator.

, 6. A discharge device comprising an anode, a hollow body resonator having openings therethrough for the passage of electrons to said anode, a cathode and control grid structure, said control grid structure comprising a metal container having openings adjacent said openings in the hollow body resonator and an external feedback connection from said hollow body resonator to the metal container of said control grid structure, said external feed-back connection comprising sections of concentric. pipe transmission line, said concentric pipe transmission line sections having end loops, said end loops being adjustablein spacing from one another.

'7. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow conductive shell having openings at one portion thereof forming said grid, said cathode being within said shell and adjacent said openings, and conductive pieces conductively connected to said cathode and adjacent another portion of said shell for balancing the capacity between said cathode and the grid.

8. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow conductive shell having openings at one portion thereof forming said grid, said cathode being within said shell and adjacent said openings, and conductive pieces conductively connected to said cathode and adjacent another portion of said shell for balancing the capacity between said cathode and the grid, the spacing between said other portion of said shell and the adjacent conductive pieces being adjustable.

9. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow tube having one end with openings therethrough forming said grid, the other end of the tube being closed, insulation in a side opening in said tube, connections sealed through said insulation. a cathode adjacent said end with openings and connected to said connections and extensions from said connections 'towards the closed end of. said tube. whereby the capacity between said cathode and grid is substantially balanced by the capacity betube.

between said extensions and the closed end of the tube, said closed end of the tube being flexible and means for adjusting the spacing between said flexible closed end and said extensions.

11. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow tube having one end with openings therethrough forming said grid, the other end of the tube being closed, insulation in aside opening in said tube, connections sealed through said insulation, a cathode adjacent said end with openings and connected to said connections and extensions from said connections towards the closed end of said tube, whereby the capacity between said cathode and grid is substantially balanced by the capacity between said extensions and the closed end of the tube, a hollow body resonator enclosing said anode, and an external feed back coupling said resonator to said hollow tube.

12. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow tube having one end with openings therethrough forming said grid, the other end of the tube being closed, insulation in a side opening in said tube, connections sealed through said insulation, a cathode adjacent said end with openings and connected to said connections and extensions from said connections .towards the'closed end of said tube, whereby the capacity between said cathode and grid is substantially balanced by the capacity between said extensions and the closed end of the tube, a hollow body resonator enclosing said anode, and an external feed back coupling said resonator to said hollow tube, said teed said structure comprising a hollow tube having 10. A discharge device comprising an anode and a structure including a cathode and grid, said structure comprising a hollow tube having one end with openings therethrough forming said one end with openings therethrough forming said grid, the other end of the tube being closed, insulation-in a side opening in said tube,-,c onnections sealed through saidinsulation, -a cathode adjacent said end with openings and connected tojsaid connections and-extensions from said connection towards; the .closed end 0! said tube, whereby the capacity between-said cathode and grid is-substantially balanced by the capacity between said extensions and the closed endoithe tube, a hollow body; resonator enclosin'gsaid anode, and an external feedback coupling said resonator to saidhollowtube, said 7 reed-back comprising aloop in said hollow body resonator, aloop in said hollow tube and concentric pipe tronline connecting said ions sealed through said insulation, a cathode connections towardsthe closed end of said tube.

whereby the capacity between said'cathode' and j variable.

grid is substantially balanced'bythe capacity 1 said concentric pipeon lin having sectionswith end loops coupling said sections, the spacing between said loops being ILIA a. mouaoursm; GEORGE M. nnmrcx. 

